Vuba aha, amakuru yashyizwe ahagaragara n’ishyirahamwe ry’icyuma n’icyuma cya Vietnam (VSA) yerekana ko mu 2022, Vietnam yarangije gukora ibyuma birenga toni miliyoni 29.3, bikamanuka hafi 12% umwaka ushize;Kugurisha ibyuma birangiye byageze kuri toni miliyoni 27.3, bikamanuka hejuru ya 7%, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byagabanutse hejuru ya 19%;Kurangiza ibyuma no kugurisha toni miliyoni 2.
Vietnam ni ubukungu bwa gatandatu mu bukungu muri ASEAN.Ubukungu bwa Vietnam bwazamutse cyane kuva mu 2000 kugeza 2020, aho buri mwaka ubwiyongere bwa GDP bwiyongereyeho 7.37%, biza ku mwanya wa gatatu mu bihugu bya ASEAN.Kuva ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ivugurura ry’ubukungu no gufungura mu 1985, igihugu cyakomeje kwiyongera mu bukungu buri mwaka, kandi ubukungu bwifashe neza.
Kugeza ubu, ubukungu bwa Vietnam burimo guhinduka vuba.Nyuma y’ivugurura ry’ubukungu no gufungura byatangiye mu 1985, Vietnam yagiye buhoro buhoro iva mu bukungu busanzwe bw’ubuhinzi ijya mu muryango w’inganda.Kuva mu 2000, inganda za serivisi za Vietnam zarazamutse kandi gahunda y’ubukungu yarateye imbere buhoro buhoro.Kugeza ubu, ubuhinzi bugera kuri 15% byubukungu bwa Vietnam, inganda zingana na 34%, urwego rwa serivisi rugera kuri 51%.Dukurikije imibare yashyizwe ahagaragara n’ishyirahamwe ry’ibyuma ku isi mu 2021, bigaragara ko Vietnam ikoreshwa n’ibyuma muri 2020 ni toni miliyoni 23.33, iza ku mwanya wa mbere mu bihugu bya ASEAN, naho umuturage bigaragara ko ikoreshwa ry’ibyuma riza ku mwanya wa kabiri.
Ishyirahamwe ry’icyuma n’icyuma cya Vietnam ryizera ko mu 2022, isoko ryo gukoresha ibyuma by’imbere mu gihugu cya Vietnam ryaragabanutse, igiciro cy’ibikoresho by’ibyuma byahindutse, kandi n’inganda nyinshi z’ibyuma zifite ibibazo, bikaba bishoboka ko bizakomeza kugeza mu gihembwe cya kabiri cya 2023.
Inganda zubaka ninganda nyamukuru zikoresha ibyuma
Dukurikije imibare yatanzwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’icyuma n’icyuma cya Vietnam, mu 2022, inganda z’ubwubatsi zizaba inganda nyamukuru zikoreshwa mu byuma muri Vietnam, zikaba zigera kuri 89%, zikurikirwa n’ibikoresho byo mu rugo (4%), imashini (3%), ibinyabiziga (2%), na peteroli na gaze (2%).Inganda zubaka ninganda zikomeye zikoresha ibyuma muri Vietnam, zingana na 90%.
Kuri Vietnam, iterambere ryinganda zubaka zijyanye nicyerekezo cyicyuma cyose gikenewe.
Inganda z’ubwubatsi za Vietnam zateye imbere kuva ivugurura ry’ubukungu ry’igihugu no gufungura mu 1985, kandi ryateye imbere cyane kuva mu 2000. Guverinoma ya Vietnam yafunguye ishoramari ritaziguye ry’amahanga mu iyubakwa ry’amazu yo guturamo kuva mu 2015, ryemerera u inganda zubaka igihugu kugirango zinjire mugihe cy "iterambere riturika".Kuva mu 2015 kugeza 2019, umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bw’umwaka w’inganda zubaka muri Vietnam wageze kuri 9%, wagabanutse mu 2020 kubera ingaruka z’iki cyorezo, ariko ukomeza kuguma kuri 3.8%.
Iterambere ryihuse ryinganda zubaka muri Vietnam zigaragarira cyane cyane mubice bibiri: amazu yo guturamo nubwubatsi rusange.Muri 2021, Vietnam izaba 37% gusa mumijyi, ikaza hasi muri
Ibihugu bya ASEAN.Mu myaka yashize, urugero rw’imijyi muri Vietnam rwagiye rwiyongera, kandi abaturage bo mu cyaro batangiye kwimukira muri uyu mujyi, ibyo bigatuma inyubako zo guturamo zo mu mijyi ziyongera.Birashobora kugaragara mu makuru yashyizwe ahagaragara n’ikigo gishinzwe ibarurishamibare cya Vietnam ko hejuru ya 80% y’inyubako nshya zo guturamo muri Vietnam ari inyubako ziri munsi y’amagorofa 4, kandi icyifuzo cyo gutura mu mijyi kigaragara cyahindutse imbaraga z’isoko ry’ubwubatsi mu gihugu.
Usibye icyifuzo cyo kubaka abaturage, guverinoma ya Vietnam yateje imbere cyane ibikorwa remezo mu myaka yashize yanihutishije iterambere ry’inganda zubaka igihugu.Kuva mu 2000, Vietnam yubatse ibirometero birenga 250.000, ifungura imihanda minini, gari ya moshi, yubaka ibibuga byindege bitanu, biteza imbere umuyoboro w’ubwikorezi mu gihugu.Amafaranga leta ikoresha mu bikorwa remezo nayo yabaye kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku cyuma cya Vietnam.Mu bihe biri imbere, guverinoma ya Vietnam iracyafite gahunda nini nini zo kubaka ibikorwa remezo binini, biteganijwe ko izakomeza gutera imbaraga mu nganda z’ubwubatsi.